From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1897 .
1897 (
MDCCCXCVII ) was a
common year starting on Friday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Julian calendar , the 1897th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 897th year of the
2nd millennium , the 97th year of the
19th century , and the 8th year of the
1890s decade. As of the start of 1897, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
March 4 , President
William McKinley
January 2 – The International
Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in
New York City .
January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief
Ologbosere , son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a
punitive expedition against
Benin .
January 7 – A
cyclone destroys
Darwin ,
Australia .
January 8 – Lady
Flora Shaw , future wife of Governor General
Lord Lugard , officially proposes the name "Nigeria" in a newspaper contest, to be given to the British
Niger Coast Protectorate .
January 22 – In this date's issue of the journal Engineering , the word
computer is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device.
[1]
January 31 – The
Czechoslovak Trade Union Association is founded in
Prague .
February 10 – Freedom of religion is proclaimed in
Madagascar .
February 16 – The French conquer the island of
Raiatea and capture the rebel chief
Teraupo'o , ending the
Leeward Islands War and bringing all of the
Society Islands under their control.
February 18 –
Benin is put to the torch by the British Army's
Benin Expedition .
Ovonramwen ,
Oba of Benin , is exiled from his kingdom and the
Benin Bronzes are carried off to London.
February 24 – The Čekan Mekenroff 1897
association football club is founded in
Pozsony , in the
Kingdom of Hungary .
February 26 – The
Sigma Pi fraternity is founded in Vincennes, Indiana.
February 27 – The
French military governor of
Madagascar ,
Joseph Gallieni , exiles Queen
Ranavalona III to
Réunion , abolishing the
monarchy the next day.
March 4 –
William McKinley is
sworn in as the 25th president of the United States.
March 13 –
San Diego State University is founded.
March 22 –
Emilio Aguinaldo unseats
Andrés Bonifacio at the
Tejeros Convention , becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group
Katipunan .
April–June
April 15
April 19 – The first
Boston Marathon is held in the United States, with fifteen men competing, and won by
John McDermott .
[4]
April 23 – Representatives of the
Chickasaw Nation ,
Choctaw Nation and U.S.
Dawes Commission sign the
Atoka Agreement , which becomes an important precursor for creating the State of Oklahoma.
April 27 –
6 May –
Greco-Turkish War of 1897 :
Battle of Velestino .
[5]
April 30 –
J. J. Thomson of the
Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the
electron as a
subatomic particle , over 1,800 times smaller than a
proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the
Royal Institution in London.
[6]
May 6 –
John Jacob Abel announces the successful isolation of
epinephrine (
adrenaline ), in a paper read before the Association of American Physicians.
[7]
May 10 – 19 zinc miners die of
carbon monoxide poisoning at
Snaefell Mine on the
Isle of Man .
May 11 – A patent is awarded for the invention of the first automotive
muffler , with the granting by the U.S. Patent Office of application number 582,485 to
Milton Reeves and his brother Marshall T. Reeves, of the Reeves Pulley Company of
Columbus, Indiana .
[8]
May 14
May 19 –
Oscar Wilde is released from prison in England, and goes into voluntary exile on the continent.
[11]
May 22 – The
Blackwall Tunnel , at this time the longest underwater road tunnel in the world, is opened for traffic beneath the
River Thames in the
East End of London by the
Prince of Wales .
[12]
May 26 – Irish-born theatrical manager
Bram Stoker 's contemporary Gothic horror novel
Dracula is first published (in London); it will influence the direction of
vampire literature for the following century.
[13]
June 12 –
1897 Assam earthquake : An earthquake of magnitude of 8.0 rocks
Assam ,
India , killing over 1,500 people.
June 18 –
Kyoto University is officially established in
Japan .
[14]
June 22 – The
Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria is celebrated in the United Kingdom.
[15] No other British monarch will celebrate such a jubilee until
Elizabeth II in
2012 .
Display in celebration of
Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee on Alma Place in
Coleraine ,
County Londonderry ,
Ulster
July–September
July 11 –
S. A. Andrée's Arctic Balloon Expedition of 1897 begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months.
July 17 – The
Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in
Seattle
July 25 – Writer
Jack London sails to join the
Klondike Gold Rush , where he will write his first successful stories.
July 26 –
August 2 –
Siege of Malakand : British troops are besieged by
Pashtun tribesmen in
Malakand , on the Northwest frontier of
British India (modern-day
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in
Pakistan ).
July 31 –
Mount Saint Elias , the second highest peak in the United States and Canada, is first ascended.
August 10 – At the
Bayer pharmaceutical company, pharmacist
Felix Hoffmann successfully synthesizes
acetylsalicylic acid , after isolating a compound from a plant of the
Spiraea family; the company markets it under the brand name "
Aspirin ".
[16]
August 21 – The
Olds Motor Vehicle Co. is founded in
Lansing, Michigan , by
Ransom E. Olds .
August 29 – The
First Zionist Congress convenes in
Basel , Switzerland.
August 31 –
Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the
Kinetoscope , a precursor of the
movie projector .
October 6 ,
Ethiopian flag.
October:
USS Baltimore in Hawaii
October–December
October 2 – The first issue of the Australian radical paper
Tocsin is published.
October 2 –
Bácskai Hírlap Hungarian language daily newspaper is published.
October 5 – After a long siege, Brazilian government troops take
Canudos in north Brazil, crushing
Antônio Conselheiro and his followers.
October 6 –
Ethiopia adopts the tricolor flag: green is for the land, yellow for gold, and red is symbolic of strength and the blood shed.
October 12
The
Korean Empire is proclaimed, marking the end of the
Joseon dynasty after just over 500 years.
The city of
Belo Horizonte , Brazil is created. The construction of the second Brazilian
planned city is completed successfully; an immigration of 1,000,000 people is estimated.
USS Baltimore (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since
1890 , for several months of duty in the
Hawaiian Islands .
October 13 –
HMS Canopus , a
pre-dreadnought battleship of the
Royal Navy , is launched at
Portsmouth , England; she will be deployed widely in World War I.
October 23 – The
Kappa Delta sorority is founded in Farmville,
Virginia .
November 1 –
Juventus FC is founded as an
association football club in
Turin .
November 25 – Spain grants
Puerto Rico autonomy.
December 9 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper
La Fronde is published by
Marguerite Durand in Paris.
December 12
December 14 –
Pact of Biak-na-Bato : The
Philippine Revolution is settled, with Spanish promises to reform.
December 28 – The play
Cyrano de Bergerac , by
Edmond Rostand , premieres in Paris.
December 30 –
Natal annexes
Zululand .
Women study at
École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
Date unknown
Births
January–February
Marion Davies
Ludwig Erhard
Judith Anderson
Marian Anderson
January 3
January 6 –
Ferenc Szálasi , 37th prime minister of Hungary (d.
1946 )
January 8 –
Dennis Wheatley , English writer (d.
1977 )
[17]
January 14 –
Hasso von Manteuffel , German general, politician (d.
1978 )
January 23
January 26 –
Yakov Alksnis , Soviet aviator, commander of the Red Army Air Forces (d.
1938 )
January 28 –
Ivan Stedeford , British industrialist (d.
1975 )
February 1 –
Denise Robins , British romance novelist (d.
1985 )
February 4 –
Ludwig Erhard , Chancellor of Germany (d.
1977 )
February 8 –
Zakir Husain , Indian politician, 3rd
President of India (d.
1969 )
February 9 –
Charles Kingsford Smith , Australian aviator famous for his trans-Pacific flight (d.
1935 )
February 10
February 19 –
Elizabeth Rummel , German-Canadian mountaineer and environmental activist (d.
1980 )
February 21 –
Celia Lovsky , Austrian American actress (d.
1979 )
February 25
February 27
March–April
Lefty O'Doul
Princess Mary
March 1 –
Shoghi Effendi , Ottoman Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d.
1957 )
March 2 –
Minor Hall , American jazz musician (d.
1959 )
March 4 –
Lefty O'Doul , American baseball player, restaurateur (d.
1969 )
March 5
March 6 –
John D. MacArthur , American businessman, philanthropist (d.
1978 )
March 11 –
Henry Cowell , American avant-garde composer (d.
1965 )
March 15 –
Jackson Scholz , American sprinter (d.
1986 )
March 16 –
Flora Eldershaw , Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d.
1956 )
March 18 –
John Langdon-Davies , British writer (d.
1971 )
March 19 –
Betty Compson , American actress (d.
1974 )
March 21 –
Sim Gokkes , Dutch-Jewish composer (d.
1943 )
March 24 –
Wilhelm Reich , Austrian psychotherapist (d.
1957 )
March 28
March 31
April 7
April 8 –
Herbert Lumsden , British general (d.
1945 )
April 9 –
John B. Gambling , American radio talk-show host (d.
1974 )
April 10 –
Prafulla Chandra Sen , Indian politician and
Chief Minister of West Bengal (d.
1990 )
April 13 –
Werner Voss , German World War I fighter ace (d.
1917 )
April 17 –
Thornton Wilder , American dramatist (d.
1975 )
April 19
April 20 –
Sudhakar Chaturvedi , Indian Vedic scholar and longevity claimant (d.
2020 )
April 21 –
Aiden Wilson Tozer , American Protestant pastor (d.
1963 )
April 23 –
Lester B. Pearson , 14th
Prime Minister of Canada , recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1972 )
April 24 –
Manuel Ávila Camacho , Mexican general, politician, and 45th
President of Mexico , 1940-1946 (d.
1955 )
[18]
April 25 –
Mary, Princess Royal of England (d.
1965 )
April 26
April 29 –
Charles Seel , American actor (d.
1980 )
May–June
Einar Gerhardsen
Odd Hassel
Anthony Eden
Paavo Nurmi
May 2
May 4 –
Phelps Phelps , 38th
Governor of American Samoa ,
United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic (d.
1981 )
May 10 –
Einar Gerhardsen , 15th prime minister of Norway (d.
1987 )
May 12 –
Earle Nelson , American serial killer and rapist (d.
1928 )
May 14 –
Sidney Bechet , American-born jazz saxophonist (d.
1959 )
May 16 –
Zvi Sliternik , Israeli entomologist (d.
1994 )
May 17 –
Odd Hassel , Norwegian chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1981 )
May 18 –
Frank Capra , American film producer, director and writer (d.
1991 )
May 19
May 21 –
Nikola Avramov , Bulgarian painter (d.
1945 )
May 27 –
John Cockcroft , English physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1967 )
May 29
June 2 –
Tan Malaka , Indonesian teacher, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party, guerilla and fighter (d.
1949 )
June 5 –
Charles Hartshorne , American philosopher, theologian and ornithologist (d.
2000 )
[19]
June 7
June 8
June 10 –
Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d.
1918 )
[20]
June 11 –
Ram Prasad Bismil , Indian revolutionary (founded H.R.A. in 1924) (d.
1927 )
June 12 –
Anthony Eden , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.
1977 )
June 13 –
Paavo Nurmi , Finnish runner (d.
1973 )
June 16 –
Georg Wittig , German chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1987 )
June 19
June 22
June 24 –
Daniel K. Ludwig , American businessman; billionaire philanthropist (d.
1992 )
June 26 –
Viola Dana , American actress (d.
1987 )
June 27 –
Heinz von Cleve , German actor (d.
1984 )
June 29 –
Fulgence Charpentier , French Canadian journalist, editor and publisher (d.
2001 )
July–August
Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Tadeusz Reichstein
Elisabeth Bergner
July 1 –
Bert Schneider , Canadian boxer (d.
1986 )
July 7 –
Mikhail Kovalyov , Soviet Army colonel-general (d.
1967 )
July 9 –
Albert C. Wedemeyer , American general (d.
1989 )
July 11 –
Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor , American civil rights opponent (d.
1973 )
July 12 –
Maurice Tabard , French photographer (d.
1984 )
July 14 –
Plaek Phibunsongkhram , Thai field marshal, prime minister, and dictator (d.
1964 )
July 15 –
Letitia Chitty , Early British aeronautical engineer (d.
1982 )
July 20
July 24 –
Amelia Earhart , American aviator (d.
1937 )
[21]
July 25 –
Helen Shaw , American actress (d.
1997 )
July 26 –
Harold D. Cooley , American politician (d.
1974 )
July 28 –
James Fairbairn , Australian pastoralist, aviator, and politician (d.
1940 )
July 29 – Sir
Neil Ritchie , British WWII general (d.
1983 )
August 2 –
Max Weber , Swiss Federal Councilor (d.
1974 )
August 4 –
José Nucete Sardi , Venezuelan historian and diplomat (d. 1972)
[22]
August 5 –
Aksel Larsen , Danish politician (d.
1972 )
August 10
August 11 –
Enid Blyton , British children's writer (d.
1968 )
August 15
August 16
August 22 –
Elisabeth Bergner , European actress (d.
1986 )
August 26 –
Yun Posun , 2nd president of South Korea (d.
1990 )
August 31 –
Fredric March , American actor (d.
1975 )
September–October
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco
Walter Pidgeon
William Faulkner
September 1 –
Andy Kennedy , Northern Irish footballer (d.
1963 )
September 7 –
Al Sherman , American
Tin Pan Alley songwriter (d.
1973 )
September 8 –
Jimmie Rodgers , American singer (d.
1933 )
September 10 –
Otto Strasser , German Nazi politician (d.
1974 )
September 12 –
Irène Joliot-Curie , French physicist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d.
1956 )
September 13 –
Michel Saint-Denis , French-born actor, theater director, drama theorist and radio broadcaster (d.
1971 )
September 15 –
Kurt Daluege , German Nazi officer, war criminal (d.
1946 )
September 16 –
Milt Franklyn , American musical composer and arranger (d.
1962 )
September 17 –
Earl Webb , American baseball player (d.
1965 )
September 19 –
Zhu Guangqian , Chinese esthetician, modern literary theorist, and famous scholar (d.
1986 )
September 20 –
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco , 26th
President of Brazil (d.
1967 )
September 21 –
Gladys Henson , Irish actress (d.
1982 )
September 23 –
Walter Pidgeon , Canadian actor (d.
1984 )
September 25 –
William Faulkner , American writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1962 )
September 26
September 30 –
Alfred Wintle , British army officer, eccentric (d.
1966 )
October 3 –
Louis Aragon , French author (d.
1982 )
October 7 –
Elijah Muhammad , African-American co-founder of the Nation of Islam (d.
1975 )
October 8 –
Rouben Mamoulian , Armenian-American film, theatre director (d.
1987 )
October 15
October 20 –
Yi Un , Korean Crown Prince (d.
1970 )
October 21 –
Lloyd Hughes , American actor (d.
1958 )
October 25 –
Luigi Pavese , Italian actor and voice actor (d.
1969 )
October 28 –
Edith Head , American costume designer (d.
1981 )
October 29 –
Joseph Goebbels , German Nazi propagandist (d.
1945 )
October 30 –
Hope Emerson , American actress, strongwoman (d.
1960 )
November–December
Quentin Roosevelt
Hermione Gingold
November 4 –
Dmitry Pavlov , Soviet general (d.
1941 )
November 9
November 15
November 18 –
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett , English physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1974 )
November 19 –
Quentin Roosevelt , youngest son of American President
Theodore Roosevelt , killed in action as fighter pilot (d.
1918 )
November 23 –
Nirad C. Chaudhuri , Bengali author (d.
1999 )
November 24 –
Lucky Luciano , Sicilian-American Mafia boss (d.
1962 )
November 30 –
Virginia Henderson , American nurse theorist (d.
1996 )
December 2 –
Dean Alfange , American politician (d.
1989 )
December 5
December 9 –
Hermione Gingold , English actress (d.
1987 )
December 14 –
Kurt Schuschnigg , 11th Chancellor of Austria (d.
1977 )
December 18 –
Fletcher Henderson , American musician (d.
1952 )
December 24
Koto Okubo , Japanese supercentenarian, world's oldest living woman (d.
2013 )
Lazare Ponticelli , Italian-French supercentenarian; last surviving officially recognized French veteran of the First World War (d.
2008 )
December 25 –
Dorothy Peterson , American film, television actress (d.
1979 )
December 30 –
Alfredo Bracchi , Italian author (d.
1976 )
December 31 –
Rhys Williams , Welsh actor (d.
1969 )
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Johannes Brahms
Andrés Bonifacio
Minna Canth
Louis Brière de l'Isle
January 1 –
Joseph S. Skerrett , American admiral (b.
1833 )
January 9 –
Thomas Gwyn Elger , English astronomer (b.
1836 )
January 25 –
Albion P. Howe , Union Army general (b.
1818 )
January 30 –
Robert Themptander , 4th prime minister of Sweden (b.
1844 )
February 1 –
Jeanne Merkus , Dutch deaconess, guerilla soldier and political activist (b.
1839 )
February 4 –
Charles Bendire , U.S. Army captain, ornithologist (b.
1836 )
February 15 –
Dimitrie Ghica , 10th prime minister of Romania (b.
1816 )
February 17 –
Edmund Colhoun , American admiral (b.
1821 )
February 19 –
Karl Weierstrass , German mathematician (b.
1815 )
March 6 –
Sir Thomas Elder , Australian businessman and philanthropist (b.
1818 )
March 9 –
Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani , Iranian teacher, writer (b.
1838 )
March 10 –
Savitribai Phule , Indian social reformer and poet (b.
1831 )
March 11 –
Henry Drummond , Scottish evangelical writer, lecturer (b.
1851 )
March 19 –
Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie , Irish-born traveler (b.
1810 )
April 1 –
Jandamarra , Australian Aboriginal insurrectionist (b. c.
1873 )
April 3 –
Johannes Brahms , German composer (b.
1833 )
[24]
April 8 –
Heinrich von Stephan , German postal director (b.
1831 )
April 10 –
Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.
1851 )
April 30 –
A. Viola Neblett , American activist, suffragist, women's rights pioneer (b.
1842 )
May 3 –
Sir Frederick Knight , British politician (b.
1812 )
May 4 –
Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria (b.
1847 )
May 7
May 10 –
Andrés Bonifacio , Filipino revolutionary (b.
1863 )
May 12 –
Minna Canth , Finnish writer and social activist (b.
1844 )
[26]
May 23 –
Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju , Indian rajah (b.
1850 )
June 17 –
Sebastian Kneipp , German priest and naturopath (b.
1821 )
June 19 –
Louis Brière de l'Isle , French general (b.
1827 )
July–December
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Saint
Thérèse of Lisieux
Jan Heemskerk
July 1 –
Ropata Wahawaha , New Zealand Māori military leader (b. c.1820)
July 6
August 8
August 17 –
Sir William Jervois , British military engineer and diplomat (b.
1821 )
August 24
August 31 –
Louisa Lane Drew , English-born American actress, theater manager (b.
1820 )
September 9
September 20 –
Louis Pierre Mouillard , French artist and aviation pioneer (b.
1834 )
[27]
September 21 –
Wilhelm Wattenbach , German historian (b.
1819 )
September 27
September 30 – Saint
Thérèse of Lisieux , French
Roman Catholic and
Discalced Carmelite nun, saint (b.
1873 )
October 2 –
Edward Maitland , British writer (b.
1824 )
October 3 –
Yamaji Motoharu , Japanese general (b.
1841 )
October 9
October 13 –
William Daniel , American temperance movement leader (b.
1826 )
October 19 –
George Pullman , American inventor and industrialist (b.
1831 )
October 26 –
John J. Robison , American politician in Michigan (b.
1824 )
[28]
October 27
October 28 –
Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead , British colonial governor (b.
1824 )
October 29 –
Henry George , American economist (b.
1839 )
November –
Francisco Gonzalo Marín , Cuban poet, freedom fighter (b.
1863 )
November 3 –
Thomas Lanier Clingman , American "Prince of Politicians" (b.
1812 )
November 13 –
Ernest Giles , Australian explorer (b.
1835 )
November 15 –
Lucinda Barbour Helm , American women's religious activist (b.
1839 )
November 17 –
George Hendric Houghton , American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b.
1820 )
[29]
November 18 –
Sir Henry Doulton , English pottery manufacturer (b.
1820 )
November 19 –
William Seymour Tyler , American educator, historian (b.
1810 )
November 23 –
Étienne Stéphane Tarnier , French obstetrician (b.
1828 )
December 14 –
Robert Simpson , Scottish-Canadian businessman (b.
1834 )
December 16 –
Alphonse Daudet , French writer (b.
1840 )
December 19 –
Stanislas de Guaita , French poet (b.
1861 )
December 28 –
William Corby , American Catholic priest (b.
1833 )
Date unknown
Isidora Goyenechea
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"John J. Robison Dead" . Ann Arbor Register .
Ann Arbor District Library . October 28, 1897. Retrieved December 28, 2023 .
^ George Woolliscroft Rhead (1910).
British Pottery Marks . Scott, Greenwood. p. 115.
Further reading and year books
1897 Annual Cyclopedia (1898) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1897; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 824 pp