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This article is about the year 1885. For M-1885, see
Model 1885 .
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1885 .
1885 (
MDCCCLXXXV ) was a
common year starting on Thursday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Julian calendar , the 1885th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 885th year of the
2nd millennium , the 85th year of the
19th century , and the 6th year of the
1880s decade. As of the start of 1885, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
Feb. 21 :
Washington Monument dedicated.
January 3 –
4 –
Sino-French War –
Battle of Núi Bop : French troops under General
Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior
Qing Chinese force, in northern
Vietnam .
January 4 – The first successful
appendectomy is performed by William W. Grant, on Mary Gartside.
January 17 –
Mahdist War in
Sudan –
Battle of Abu Klea : British troops defeat Mahdist forces.
January 20 – American inventor
LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a
roller coaster .
January 24 – Irish rebels damage
Westminster Hall and the
Tower of London with dynamite.
[1]
January 26 –
Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to
Mahdi
Muhammad Ahmad conquer
Khartoum ; British commander
Charles George Gordon is killed.
[2]
February 5 – King
Leopold II of Belgium establishes the
Congo Free State , as a personal possession.
February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii.
February 16 –
Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the
Dow Jones Industrial Average . The index stands at a level of 62.76, and represents the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading American industries.
[3]
February 20 – The
Richmond Football Club is officially formed at the Royal Hotel in the
Melbourne suburb of
Richmond ,
Victoria .
[4]
February 21 – United States President
Chester A. Arthur dedicates the
Washington Monument .
February 23
February 26 – The final act of the
Berlin Conference regulates European colonization and trade, in the
scramble for Africa .
[2]
February 28 – February concludes without having a full moon.
March 3 – A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company,
American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New York.
March 4 –
Grover Cleveland is
sworn in , as the 22nd president of the United States.
March 7 – The
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded.
March 14 –
Gilbert and Sullivan 's comic opera
The Mikado opens, at the
Savoy Theatre in London.
[5]
March 26
March 30 – The
Battle for Kushka triggers the
Panjdeh Incident , which nearly gives rise to war between the
British Empire and
Russian Empire .
March 31 – The United Kingdom establishes the
Bechuanaland Protectorate .
[7]
April–June
April 2 –
Frog Lake Massacre :
Cree warriors led by
Wandering Spirit kill 9 settlers at
Frog Lake in the
Northwest Territories .
April 3 –
Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent, for his single-cylinder,
water-cooled
engine design.
April 11 –
Luton Town Football Club is created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England.
April 14 –
Sino-French War : A French victory at
Kép causes China to withdraw its forces from
Tonkin , in the final engagement of the conflict.
April 22 –
Symphony No. 7 (Dvořák) was premiered at
St James's Hall in London.
April 30 – A bill is signed in the New York State legislature, forming the
Niagara Falls State Park .
May 2
May 9 –
12 –
North-West Rebellion –
Battle of Batoche : Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on
Métis rebels, bringing an end to their part in the rebellion.
May 19 – After a
three-month legislative battle in the
Illinois General Assembly ,
John A. Logan is re-elected to the
United States Senate .
May 20 – The first public train departs
Swanage railway station , on the newly built
Swanage Railway in England.
June 3 –
Battle of Loon Lake : The Canadian
North-West Mounted Police and allies force a party of Plains
Cree warriors to surrender in the last skirmish of the
North-West Rebellion , and the last battle fought on Canadian soil.
June 17 – The
Statue of Liberty arrives in
New York Harbor .
June 23 –
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury , becomes
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
July–September
July – Japan Brewery, predecessor of
Kirin Holdings is founded in
Yokohama , Japan.[
citation needed ]
July 6 –
Louis Pasteur and
Émile Roux successfully test their
rabies vaccine . The patient is
Joseph Meister , a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
July 14 –
Sarah E. Goode is the first African-American woman to apply for and receive a
patent , for the invention of the hideaway bed.
July 15 – The Reservation at
Niagara Falls opens, enabling access to all for free.
Thomas V. Welch is the first Superintendent of the Park.
July 16 –
BHP (Broken Hill Proprietary) , a worldwide
mining and
natural gas producer is founded in
New South Wales ,
Australia .
[8]
July 20 –
The Football Association recognises professional players in England.
July 28 –
Louis Riel 's trial for
treason begins in
Regina .
August 19 –
S Andromedae , the only supernova seen in the
Andromeda Galaxy so far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the
Milky Way , is discovered.
The
Reitwagen (riding car), the first internal combustion motorcycle (1885)
August 29 –
Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for the
Daimler Reitwagen , regarded as the first
motorcycle , which he has produced with
Wilhelm Maybach .
[9]
September 2 – The
Rock Springs massacre occurs in
Rock Springs, Wyoming ; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
September 6 –
Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, completing the unification of Bulgaria.
September 8 –
Saint Thomas Academy is founded in
Minnesota .
September 12 –
Arbroath FC defeats
Bon Accord FC ,
36-0, in the highest score ever in professional football .
September 15 – A train wreck of the
P. T. Barnum Circus kills giant elephant
Jumbo , at
St. Thomas, Ontario .
September 18 – The union of
Eastern Rumelia with
Bulgaria is proclaimed at
Plovdiv .
September 30 – A British force abolishes the
Boer republic of
Stellaland , and adds it to
British Bechuanaland .
October–December
October 3 –
Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on the
Isle of Dogs in London, as Millwall Rovers.
October 12 – The city of
Fresno, California , is incorporated.
October 13 – The
Georgia Institute of Technology is established in
Atlanta as the Georgia School of Technology.
October 25 –
Symphony No. 4 (Brahms) is premiered in
Meiningen , Germany, with
Johannes Brahms himself conducting it.
November – The
Third Anglo-Burmese War begins.
November 7 –
Canadian Pacific Railway : In
Craigellachie, British Columbia ,
construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister
John A. Macdonald considers the project to be vital to Canada, due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
November 14 –
28 –
Serbo-Bulgarian War :
Serbia declares war against
Bulgaria , but is defeated in the
Battle of Slivnitsa on
November 17 –
19 .
November 16 –
Louis Riel , Canadian rebel leader of the
Métis , is executed for high
treason .
December 1 – The
U.S. Patent Office acknowledges this date as the day
Dr Pepper is served for the first time; the exact date of Dr. Pepper's invention is unknown.
December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in
Bombay to form the
Congress Party .
Date unknown
The
Benz Patent-Motorwagen , built in 1885
Karl Benz produces the
Benz Patent-Motorwagen , regarded as the first
automobile (patented and publicly launched the following year).
[10]
John Kemp Starley demonstrates the
Rover
safety bicycle , regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.
[11]
The
Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by
William Le Baron Jenney , is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first
skyscraper .
[12]
Bicycle Playing Cards are first produced.
The
Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association is established in the United Kingdom, to provide charitable assistance.
Camp Dudley , the oldest continually running boys' camp in the United States, is founded.
John Ormsby publishes his new English translation of
Don Quixote , acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th century.
Michigan Technological University (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time, in the future Houghton County Fire Hall.
Chuo Law College, as predecessor of
Chuo University , founded in
Kanda ,
Tokyo , Japan.[
page needed ]
Before
November 1 – More than 24,000 Christians killed, 225 churches burnt, seventeen
orphanages and ten convents destroyed in
Cochinchina , now known as
Vietnam .
[13]
Births
January
John Curtin
Claude Fuess
January 6 –
Florence Turner , American actress (d.
1946 )
January 8 –
John Curtin , 14th
Prime Minister of Australia (d.
1945 )
January 11
January 12
January 14 –
Constantin Sănătescu , 44th prime minister of Romania (d.
1947 )
January 16 –
Zhou Zuoren , Chinese writer (d.
1967 )
January 17 –
Nikolaus von Falkenhorst , German general and war criminal (d.
1968 )
January 21 –
Umberto Nobile , Italian aviator and explorer (d.
1978 )
January 25 –
Roy Geiger , American general (d.
1947 )
January 26 –
Harry Ricardo , English mechanical engineer, engine pioneer (d.
1974 )
January 27
January 28 –
Władysław Raczkiewicz ,
President of Poland (d.
1947 )
January 30 –
John Henry Towers , U. S.admiral and naval aviation pioneer (d.
1955 )
February
Bess Truman
February 1 –
Friedrich Kellner , German diarist (d.
1970 )
February 7
February 9 –
Alban Berg , Austrian composer (d.
1935 )
February 10 –
Rupert Downes , Australian general (d.
1945 )
February 13
February 14 –
Zengo Yoshida , Japanese admiral (d.
1966 )
February 21 –
Sacha Guitry , Russian-born French dramatist, writer, director, and actor (d.
1957 )
[15]
February 22 –
Pat Sullivan , Australian-born American director, animated film producer (d.
1933 )
February 24
February 25 –
Princess Alice of Battenberg (d.
1969 )
[17]
February 26 –
Aleksandras Stulginskis , President of Lithuania (d.
1969 )
March
April
Clementine Churchill
May
Otto Klemperer
May 2 –
Hedda Hopper , American columnist (d.
1966 )
May 5 –
Agustín Barrios , Paraguayan guitarist, composer (d.
1944 )
May 7 –
George "Gabby" Hayes , American actor (d.
1969 )
May 8 –
Thomas B. Costain , Canadian author and journalist (d.
1965 )
[19]
May 9 –
Eduard C. Lindeman , American social worker, author (d.
1953 )
May 14 –
Otto Klemperer , German conductor (d.
1973 )
May 15
May 20 –
Faisal I of Iraq (d.
1933 )
May 21 –
Sophie, Princess of Albania , consort of
William of Wied, Prince of Albania (d.
1936 )
May 22 –
Toyoda Soemu , Japanese admiral (d.
1957 )
May 24 –
Susan Sutherland Isaacs , English educational psychologist, psychoanalyst (d.
1948 )
May 27 –
Richmond K. Turner , American admiral (d.
1961 )
May 30 –
Arthur E. Andersen , American accountant (d.
1947 )
June
June 2 –
Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt , German neuropathologist (d.
1964 )
June 4 –
Arturo Rawson , President of Argentina (d.
1952 )
June 5 –
Georges Mandel , French politician, World War II hero (d.
1944 )
June 9
June 21 –
Harry A. Marmer , Ukrainian-born American mathematician, oceanographer (d.
1953 )
June 22 –
Milan Vidmar , Slovenian electrical engineer, chess player (d.
1962 )
June 27 –
Guilhermina Suggia , Portuguese cellist (d.
1950 )
[20]
June 29 –
Izidor Kürschner , Hungarian football player and coach (d.
1941 )
[21]
July
August
D H Lawrence
September
Ben Chifley
October
Niels Bohr
October 3 –
Sophie Treadwell , American playwright, journalist (d.
1970 )
October 7 –
Niels Bohr , Danish physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1962 )
October 11 –
François Mauriac , French writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1970 )
[23]
October 19 –
Charles E. Merrill , American banker, co-founder of
Merrill Lynch (d.
1956 )
October 24 –
Rachel Katznelson-Shazar , Zionist political figure, wife of third President of Israel (d.
1975 )
October 28 –
Per Albin Hansson , 2-time prime minister of Sweden (d.
1946 )
October 30 –
Ezra Pound , American poet (d.
1972 )
[24]
November
George S. Patton
Heinrich Brüning
November 1 –
Anton Flettner , German aviation engineer, inventor (d.
1961 )
November 2 –
Harlow Shapley , American astronomer (d.
1972 )
November 5 –
Will Durant , American philosopher, writer (d.
1981 )
November 8 –
Tomoyuki Yamashita , Japanese general (d.
1946 )
November 9 (
October 28 (O.S.)) –
Velimir Khlebnikov , Russian poet (d.
1922 )
November 11 –
George S. Patton , American general (d.
1945 )
November 15 –
Frederick Handley-Page , British aviation pioneer, aircraft company founder (d.
1962 )
November 26 –
Heinrich Brüning ,
Chancellor of Germany 1930-1932 (d.
1970 )
November 30
December
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Victor Hugo
January 11 –
Mariano Ospina Rodríguez , President of Colombia (b.
1805 )
January 13 –
Schuyler Colfax ,
17th
Vice President of the United States (b.
1823 )
January 26 –
Charles "Chinese" Gordon , British general (killed in battle) (b.
1833 )
February 1 –
Sidney Gilchrist Thomas , British inventor (b.
1850 )
February 7 –
Iwasaki Yataro , Japanese industrialist, Founder of
Mitsubishi (b.
1835 )
February 8 –
Nikolai Severtzov , Russian explorer, naturalist (b.
1827 )
February 19 –
José María Pinedo , Argentinian naval commander (b.
1795 )
March 12 –
Próspero Fernández Oreamuno , President of Costa Rica (b.
1834 )
March 13 –
Giorgio Mitrovich , Maltese politician (b.
1795 )
[26]
March 22 –
Sir Harry Smith Parkes , British diplomat (b.
1828 )
April 2 –
Justo Rufino Barrios , Central American leader (b.
1835 )
April 6 –
Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein , Prussian general (b.
1797 )
April 25 –
Queen Emma of Hawaii (b.
1836 )
May 2 –
Terézia Zakoucs ,
Hungarian Slovene author (b.
1817 )
May 4 –
Irvin McDowell , American general (b.
1818 )
May 17 –
Jonathan Young , United States Navy commodore (b.
1826 )
May 19 –
Robert Emmet Odlum , American swimming instructor (died as result of becoming the first person to jump from the
Brooklyn Bridge ) (b.
1851 )
May 20 –
Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen ,
29th
United States Secretary of State (b.
1817 )
May 22 –
Victor Hugo , French author (b.
1802 )
[27]
June 11 –
Amédée Courbet , French admiral (b.
1827 )
June 17 –
Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel , German field marshal (b.
1809 )
June 22 –
Muhammad Ahmad , Sudanese Mahdi (b.
1844 )
July–December
Ulysses S. Grant
July 21 –
Karolina Sobańska , Polish noble, agent (b.
1795 )
July 23 –
Ulysses S. Grant , 63,
American Civil War general, 18th
President of the United States (b.
1822 )
August –
Aga Khan II , Iranian religious leader (b.
1830 )
August 6 –
Emil Zsigmondy , Austrian mountaineer (b.
1861 )
August 10 –
James W. Marshall , American contractor, builder of
Sutter's Mill (b.
1810 )
August 29 –
Moriz Ludassy , Hungarian journalist (b.
1825 )
September 2 –
Giuseppe Bonavia , Maltese architect (b.
1821 )
September 5 –
Zuo Zongtang , Chinese general and politician (b.
1812 )
September 6 –
Narcís Monturiol ,
Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of the first combustion engine-driven
submarine , which was propelled by an early form of
air-independent propulsion (b.
1819 )
September 15
Carl Spitzweg
October 1 –
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury , British politician and philanthropist (b.
1801 )
October 3 –
Mazhar Nanautawi , Indian freedom struggle activist and founding figure of
Mazahir Uloom (b.
1821 )
October 5 –
Thomas C. Durant , American railroad financier (b.
1820 )
October 29
Thomas A. Hendricks
November 16 –
Louis Riel , Canadian-American leader (executed) (b.
1844 )
November 8 –
John McCullough , Irish-American actor (b.
1832 )
November 24 –
Nicolás Avellaneda , Argentine president (b.
1837 )
November 25
November 26 –
Thomas Andrews , Irish chemist (b.
1813 )
December 8 –
William Henry Vanderbilt , American entrepreneur (b.
1821 )
December 13 –
Benjamin Gratz Brown , American politician (b.
1826 )
December 15 –
Ferdinand II of Portugal , consort of Queen Maria II (b.
1816 )
Date unknown
In fiction
References
^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 310–311.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2 .
^
a
b Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
438–440 .
ISBN
0-304-35730-8 .
^
Dow Record Book Adds Another First . Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08.
^ Hansen (1992), p. 28.
^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999.
ISBN
1-85986-000-1 .
^ "Cremation".
The Times . No. 31405. London. March 27, 1885. p. 10.
^ Mackenzie, John (1887).
Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England . London:
Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington via
World Digital Library . Archived from
the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2018 .
^
"Silverton" .
The Argus . Melbourne, Vic. July 30, 1885. p. 10. Retrieved February 8, 2022 .
^ Gardiner, Mark (1997). Classic motorcycles . MetroBooks. p. 16.
ISBN
1-56799-460-1 .
^ Benz, Carl Friedrich (1925). Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen . Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang.
^
"Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885" . Making the Modern World .
Science Museum (London) .
Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2011 .
^
"Home Insurance Building" . SkyscraperPage .
Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2011 .
^ "24,346 Christians Massacred, Altogether, In Cochin-China". The Cornishman . No. 387. December 17, 1885. p. 8.
^ Martin Bucco; G. K. Hall & Company (1986).
Critical Essays on Sinclair Lewis . G.K. Hall. p. 1.
ISBN
978-0-8161-8698-3 .
^
Radio Liberty Research Bulletin . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 1985. p. 8.
^ Richard R. Hobbs (1997).
Naval Science . Naval Institute Press. p. 160.
ISBN
978-1-55750-373-2 .
^ Smith, Lyn (2012).
Heroes of the Holocaust: Ordinary Britons Who Risked Their Lives to Make a Difference . Ebury Publishing. p. 171.
ISBN
978-0-09-194067-6 .
^ O. Classe; [Anonymus AC02468681] (2000).
Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English: A-L . Taylor & Francis. p. 158.
ISBN
978-1-884964-36-7 . {{
cite book }}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link )
^
Current Biography: Who's News and Why, 1953 . Hw Wilson Company. June 1953. p. 124.
ISBN
978-0-8242-0119-7 .
^ Obituary,
The Musical Times , September 1950, p. 362
^
"Ezen a napon született Kürschner Izidor, a kiváló játékos és világjáró edző, akinek Brazíliában szobrot állítottak" . www.mtkbudapest.hu .
^ John Worthen (July 31, 1992).
D. H. Lawrence: The Early Years 1885-1912: The Cambridge Biography of D. H. Lawrence . Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
ISBN
978-0-521-43772-1 .
^ K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar (1963).
Francois Mauriac: Novelist & Moralist . Asia Publishing House. p. 2.
^ Lawrence S. Rainey (December 15, 1991).
Ezra Pound and the Monument of Culture: Text, History, and the Malatesta Cantos . University of Chicago Press. p. 43.
ISBN
978-0-226-70316-9 .
^ Turda, Marius, and Paul Weindling. "Blood and Homeland": Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940. Budapest: Central European UP, 2007. pp. 1 Print.
^ Mangion, Fabian (March 8, 2015).
"Recalling a brave, sincere patriot forgotten by Malta" .
Times of Malta .
Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018 .
^ Albert W. Halsall (January 1, 1998).
Victor Hugo and the Romantic Drama . University of Toronto Press. p. 206.
ISBN
978-0-8020-4322-1 .
Further reading
"Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1885". Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year . 25 . New York:
D. Appleton and Co. : 42 v. 1887.
hdl :
2027/hvd.hb0r95 .