March 18 – Origin of the
Paris Commune: Troops of the regular
French Army, sent by
Adolphe Thiers, Chef du pouvoir executive de la République française, to seize cannons stored on the hill of
Montmartre, fraternise with civilians and the
National Guard, and two army generals are killed. Regular troops are evacuated to
Versailles.
John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne marries
Princess Louise, a daughter of Queen Victoria, at Windsor; she is the first legitimate daughter of a British monarch to marry a subject since 1515.
May 10 – The
Treaty of Frankfurt is signed, confirming the frontiers between Germany and France. The provinces of
Alsace and
Lorraine are transferred from France to Germany.
June 27 – The
Meiji government officially adopts the
yen as Japan's modern unit of currency. Coins which have been made in advance with the date 1870 are released into circulation.
September 2 –
Whaling disaster of 1871: The Comet, a
brig used by whalers, becomes the first of 33 ships to be crushed in the Arctic ice by an early freeze.[5] Remarkably, all 1,219 people on the abandoned ships are rescued without a single loss of life.[6]
The Società degli Spettroscopisti Italiani (laterSocietà Astronomica Italiana) is established in
Rome, the first scientific organisation in the world dedicated to
astrophysics.
c. November – The
South Improvement Company is formed in Pennsylvania by
John D. Rockefeller and a group of major United States railroad interests, in an early effort to organize and control the American petroleum industry.
December 26 –
Thespis, the first of the
Gilbert and Sullivan operas, premières in London. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not collaborate again for four years.
An 83.50-carat (16.700 g) diamond is discovered, resulting in a
diamond rush, and the town of
New Rush springs up; Colonial Commissioners arrive there on November 17.
June 17 –
James Weldon Johnson, American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter and early civil rights activist (d.
1938)
^"Vores historie". København: Dansk Kvindesamfund. Archived from
the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
^"Civil Service Commission", in Landmark Legislation, 1774–2002: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties, ed. by Stephen W. Stathis (Congressional Quarterly Press, 2003) p107
^Businger, Steven; Nogelmeier, M. Puakea; Chinn, Pauline W. U.; Schroeder, Thomas (February 1, 2018). "Hurricane with a History: Hawaiian Newspapers Illuminate an 1871 Storm". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 99 (1): 137–147.
Bibcode:
2018BAMS...99..137B.
doi:
10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0333.1.
S2CID52996353.
^Joesting, Edward (1988). Kauai: The Separate Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. p. 171.
^Taliaferro, John (2007). In a Far Country: The True Story of a Mission, a Marriage, a Murder, and the Remarkable Reindeer Rescue of 1898. PublicAffairs. p. 179.
^Snay, Mitchell (2011). Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 172.
^"1871 Java – Port Darwin Cable". History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications. November 5, 2014.
Archived from the original on January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
^Stanley, Henry Morton (1872). "XI. Through Uhawendi, Uvinza, and Uhha, to Ujiji". How I Found Livingstone: Travels, Adventures, and Discoveries in Central Africa; Including Four Months' Residence with Dr. Livingstone (1984 ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle. p.
412.
ISBN9780705415132.
^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. p. 125.
^Manuel Gondra; Carlos E. Castañeda; Jack Autrey Dabbs (1952). Calendar of the Manuel E. Gondra Manuscript Collection, the University of Texas Library. Editorial Jus. p. xv.
^Roskill, Captain Stephen Wentworth (1980). Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty – The Last Naval Hero: An Intimate Biography. London: Collins. p. 20.
ISBN0-689-11119-3.
March 18 – Origin of the
Paris Commune: Troops of the regular
French Army, sent by
Adolphe Thiers, Chef du pouvoir executive de la République française, to seize cannons stored on the hill of
Montmartre, fraternise with civilians and the
National Guard, and two army generals are killed. Regular troops are evacuated to
Versailles.
John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne marries
Princess Louise, a daughter of Queen Victoria, at Windsor; she is the first legitimate daughter of a British monarch to marry a subject since 1515.
May 10 – The
Treaty of Frankfurt is signed, confirming the frontiers between Germany and France. The provinces of
Alsace and
Lorraine are transferred from France to Germany.
June 27 – The
Meiji government officially adopts the
yen as Japan's modern unit of currency. Coins which have been made in advance with the date 1870 are released into circulation.
September 2 –
Whaling disaster of 1871: The Comet, a
brig used by whalers, becomes the first of 33 ships to be crushed in the Arctic ice by an early freeze.[5] Remarkably, all 1,219 people on the abandoned ships are rescued without a single loss of life.[6]
The Società degli Spettroscopisti Italiani (laterSocietà Astronomica Italiana) is established in
Rome, the first scientific organisation in the world dedicated to
astrophysics.
c. November – The
South Improvement Company is formed in Pennsylvania by
John D. Rockefeller and a group of major United States railroad interests, in an early effort to organize and control the American petroleum industry.
December 26 –
Thespis, the first of the
Gilbert and Sullivan operas, premières in London. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not collaborate again for four years.
An 83.50-carat (16.700 g) diamond is discovered, resulting in a
diamond rush, and the town of
New Rush springs up; Colonial Commissioners arrive there on November 17.
June 17 –
James Weldon Johnson, American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter and early civil rights activist (d.
1938)
^"Vores historie". København: Dansk Kvindesamfund. Archived from
the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
^"Civil Service Commission", in Landmark Legislation, 1774–2002: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties, ed. by Stephen W. Stathis (Congressional Quarterly Press, 2003) p107
^Businger, Steven; Nogelmeier, M. Puakea; Chinn, Pauline W. U.; Schroeder, Thomas (February 1, 2018). "Hurricane with a History: Hawaiian Newspapers Illuminate an 1871 Storm". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 99 (1): 137–147.
Bibcode:
2018BAMS...99..137B.
doi:
10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0333.1.
S2CID52996353.
^Joesting, Edward (1988). Kauai: The Separate Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. p. 171.
^Taliaferro, John (2007). In a Far Country: The True Story of a Mission, a Marriage, a Murder, and the Remarkable Reindeer Rescue of 1898. PublicAffairs. p. 179.
^Snay, Mitchell (2011). Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 172.
^"1871 Java – Port Darwin Cable". History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications. November 5, 2014.
Archived from the original on January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
^Stanley, Henry Morton (1872). "XI. Through Uhawendi, Uvinza, and Uhha, to Ujiji". How I Found Livingstone: Travels, Adventures, and Discoveries in Central Africa; Including Four Months' Residence with Dr. Livingstone (1984 ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle. p.
412.
ISBN9780705415132.
^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. p. 125.
^Manuel Gondra; Carlos E. Castañeda; Jack Autrey Dabbs (1952). Calendar of the Manuel E. Gondra Manuscript Collection, the University of Texas Library. Editorial Jus. p. xv.
^Roskill, Captain Stephen Wentworth (1980). Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty – The Last Naval Hero: An Intimate Biography. London: Collins. p. 20.
ISBN0-689-11119-3.