The
German revolutions of 1848–49 end in failure, as King Frederick William IV of Prussia refuses to accept the offer of the Frankfurt National Assembly, to be crowned as German emperor.
Great Famine (Ireland): 96 inmates of the overcrowded
Ballinrobe Union Workhouse died over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high.
May 10 – The
Astor Place Riot takes place in
Manhattan, over a dispute between two Shakespearean actors; over 20 people are killed when troops fire on the rioters.
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The first Russian troops, led by Lieutenant General Fyodor Sergeyevich Panyutin, who come in the aid of the
Habsburgs, cross the Hungarian border at
Pozsony, in order to crush the Hungarian revolution.
June 17 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The main Russian forces, led by
Ivan Paskevich, cross the Hungarian border, and together with the Austrian troops, led by
Julius Jacob von Haynau, start the final attack against the
Hungarian Revolution. Now the Hungarian revolutionary troops, numbering 173,000 soldiers, which even before the Russian attack were in inferiority regarding their numbers, and the quality of their weapons and war industry, face a force of 370,000 Austro-Russian forces,[4] and other tens of thousands of Croatian, Serbian and Romanian insurgents, who serve the Habsburg imperial interests.
July 28 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian government, led by
Bertalan Szemere promulgates the Nationality Law, which gives important rights to the nationalities of Hungary, like the right to use their mother tongue in school, church, army, court and administration. The
Romanians are declared a nation, and not a minority, in
Transylvania. The
Jews receive equality thanks to the Emancipation Decree.[5]
August 3 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian defenders of
Komárom, led by
György Klapka, destroy the besieging Austrian forces in the
Fourth Battle of Komárom, liberating
Győr and
Székesfehérvár. But this victory comes too late to change the course of military events in the eastern part of the country, where the Hungarian forces are about to crumble under the heavy Austro-Russian pressure.
October 6 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848:
The 13 Martyrs of Arad are executed after the Hungarian War of Independence, in repression by the Austrian authorities led by
Julius Jacob von Haynau (these martyrs being the generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army, who did not flee from Hungary after the suppression of the Hungarian revolution by the Russo-Austrian forces). Also today,
Lajos Batthyány, the first Hungarian
prime minister, is executed by Austrian authorities in
Pest.
Swiss-born
Marie Manning and her husband Frederick are publicly hanged for the murder of her lover in London, before a crowd of 30,000-50,000.
November 16 – A Russian court sentences
Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, the
Petrashevsky Circle. Facing a firing squad on
December 23, the group members are reprieved at the last moment, and exiled to the
katorga prison camps in
Siberia.
The Abgeordnetenhaus, lower house of the parliament of the
Kingdom of Bavaria, passes a bill granting German Jews the same legal rights as German Christians.[8] The measure draws a strong reaction from Christians across Bavaria, who sign petitions urging the upper house to prevent the equal rights measure from becoming law.[9]
December 22 – After 17 days of deadlock and 63 votes, Democrat
Howell Cobb of Georgia is elected
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, by a plurality of 102 votes to 99 for the former Speaker, the Whig Party's
Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts. Neither the Democrats nor the Whigs have a majority of the 230 seats in the House, and after neither candidate can obtain the required 116 votes, the Representatives agree that the plurality will decide the leadership.[10]
Date unknown
Seven of the "best known"
opium clippers go missing: Sylph, Coquette, Kelpie, Greyhound, Don Juan, Mischief, and Anna Eliza.[11]
^Muñoz Sougarret, Jorge (2010). "El naufragio del bergantín Joven Daniel, 1849. El indígena en el imaginario histórico de Chile". Tiempo Histórico (in Spanish) (1): 133–148.
^J. W. Gregory, The Great Rift Valley: Being the Narrative of a Journey to Mount Kenya and Lake Baringo with Some Account of the Geology, Natural History, Anthropology and Future Prospects of British East Africa (Frank Cass and Company, 1896) (reprinted 1968) p182
^James F. Harris, The People Speak!: Anti-Semitism and Emancipation in Nineteenth-century Bavaria (University of Michigan Press, 1994) p159
^Helmut Walser Smith, The Continuities of German History: Nation, Religion, and Race across the Long Nineteenth Century (Cambridge University Press, 2008) p133
^Holman Hamilton, Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850 (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p42
^Lubbock, Basil (1933). The Opium Clippers. Boston, MA: Charles E. Lauriat Co. p. 310.
The
German revolutions of 1848–49 end in failure, as King Frederick William IV of Prussia refuses to accept the offer of the Frankfurt National Assembly, to be crowned as German emperor.
Great Famine (Ireland): 96 inmates of the overcrowded
Ballinrobe Union Workhouse died over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high.
May 10 – The
Astor Place Riot takes place in
Manhattan, over a dispute between two Shakespearean actors; over 20 people are killed when troops fire on the rioters.
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The first Russian troops, led by Lieutenant General Fyodor Sergeyevich Panyutin, who come in the aid of the
Habsburgs, cross the Hungarian border at
Pozsony, in order to crush the Hungarian revolution.
June 17 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The main Russian forces, led by
Ivan Paskevich, cross the Hungarian border, and together with the Austrian troops, led by
Julius Jacob von Haynau, start the final attack against the
Hungarian Revolution. Now the Hungarian revolutionary troops, numbering 173,000 soldiers, which even before the Russian attack were in inferiority regarding their numbers, and the quality of their weapons and war industry, face a force of 370,000 Austro-Russian forces,[4] and other tens of thousands of Croatian, Serbian and Romanian insurgents, who serve the Habsburg imperial interests.
July 28 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian government, led by
Bertalan Szemere promulgates the Nationality Law, which gives important rights to the nationalities of Hungary, like the right to use their mother tongue in school, church, army, court and administration. The
Romanians are declared a nation, and not a minority, in
Transylvania. The
Jews receive equality thanks to the Emancipation Decree.[5]
August 3 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian defenders of
Komárom, led by
György Klapka, destroy the besieging Austrian forces in the
Fourth Battle of Komárom, liberating
Győr and
Székesfehérvár. But this victory comes too late to change the course of military events in the eastern part of the country, where the Hungarian forces are about to crumble under the heavy Austro-Russian pressure.
October 6 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1848:
The 13 Martyrs of Arad are executed after the Hungarian War of Independence, in repression by the Austrian authorities led by
Julius Jacob von Haynau (these martyrs being the generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army, who did not flee from Hungary after the suppression of the Hungarian revolution by the Russo-Austrian forces). Also today,
Lajos Batthyány, the first Hungarian
prime minister, is executed by Austrian authorities in
Pest.
Swiss-born
Marie Manning and her husband Frederick are publicly hanged for the murder of her lover in London, before a crowd of 30,000-50,000.
November 16 – A Russian court sentences
Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, the
Petrashevsky Circle. Facing a firing squad on
December 23, the group members are reprieved at the last moment, and exiled to the
katorga prison camps in
Siberia.
The Abgeordnetenhaus, lower house of the parliament of the
Kingdom of Bavaria, passes a bill granting German Jews the same legal rights as German Christians.[8] The measure draws a strong reaction from Christians across Bavaria, who sign petitions urging the upper house to prevent the equal rights measure from becoming law.[9]
December 22 – After 17 days of deadlock and 63 votes, Democrat
Howell Cobb of Georgia is elected
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, by a plurality of 102 votes to 99 for the former Speaker, the Whig Party's
Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts. Neither the Democrats nor the Whigs have a majority of the 230 seats in the House, and after neither candidate can obtain the required 116 votes, the Representatives agree that the plurality will decide the leadership.[10]
Date unknown
Seven of the "best known"
opium clippers go missing: Sylph, Coquette, Kelpie, Greyhound, Don Juan, Mischief, and Anna Eliza.[11]
^Muñoz Sougarret, Jorge (2010). "El naufragio del bergantín Joven Daniel, 1849. El indígena en el imaginario histórico de Chile". Tiempo Histórico (in Spanish) (1): 133–148.
^J. W. Gregory, The Great Rift Valley: Being the Narrative of a Journey to Mount Kenya and Lake Baringo with Some Account of the Geology, Natural History, Anthropology and Future Prospects of British East Africa (Frank Cass and Company, 1896) (reprinted 1968) p182
^James F. Harris, The People Speak!: Anti-Semitism and Emancipation in Nineteenth-century Bavaria (University of Michigan Press, 1994) p159
^Helmut Walser Smith, The Continuities of German History: Nation, Religion, and Race across the Long Nineteenth Century (Cambridge University Press, 2008) p133
^Holman Hamilton, Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850 (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p42
^Lubbock, Basil (1933). The Opium Clippers. Boston, MA: Charles E. Lauriat Co. p. 310.