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Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1800 .
May 15 :
Napoleon begins crossing the
Alps .
1800 (
MDCCC ) was an
exceptional common year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
leap year starting on Sunday of the
Julian calendar , the 1800th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 800th year of the
2nd millennium , the 100th and last year of the
18th century , and the 1st year of the
1800s decade. As of the start of 1800, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
As of
March 1 (
O.S.
February 18 ), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until
February 28 (
O.S.
February 16 ), 1900.
Events
January–March
January 1
February 7 – A public
plebiscite in France confirms
Napoleon as
First Consul , by a substantial majority.
February 11 –
Infrared radiation is discovered by astronomer
Sir William Herschel .
March 14 –
Papal conclave, 1799–1800 : cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti succeeds
Pius VI as
Pius VII , the 251st pope. He is crowned on
March 21 , in Venice.
March 17 – The British
Royal Navy
ship of the line ,
HMS Queen Charlotte (1790) , catches fire off the coast of
Capraia , with the loss of 673 lives.
[1]
March 20 –
Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the
voltaic pile , the first chemical
battery , in a letter to the
Royal Society of London.
March 26 – British
Royal Navy officer
Henry Waterhouse first charts the
Antipodes Islands .
April–June
April 2
April 3 – The first voting, albeit indirect, begins in the
1800 United States presidential election as voters in the
New York make
their selections for the New York state legislature , which in turn will vote on October 31 for the state's 12 presidential electors.
[2] A majority of state legislature members are from the
Democratic-Republican Party , rather than the Federalist Party. At the time, only 4 of the 16 U.S. states (Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia) have a popular vote for the presidential electors and the President. The other 12, including New York, have a popular vote for the state legislature, but not for the president. At the time, neither of the major parties have picked their nominees for president and vice president. The result will not be certified until February,
1801 .
[3]
April 6 –
War of the Second Coalition :
Siege of Genoa – General
André Masséna is surrounded by 40,000 Austrian troops under Field Marshal
Michael von Melas and blockaded by a strong British
squadron under Lord
Keith .
[4]
April 24 – The U.S.
Library of Congress is founded in Washington, D.C.
May 14 –
Second Coalition : French forces under General
Louis-Alexandre Berthier are halted by 400 Austro-Piedmont soldiers, at
Fort Bard in the
Aosta Valley .
[5]
May 15 –
Napoleon and his French army (40,000 men)—not including the
field artillery and
baggage trains —(35,000
light artillery and
infantry , 5,000
cavalry ) begin crossing the
Alps . He selects the shortest route through the
Great St Bernard Pass , and invades after five days traversing the northern region of
Italy .
June 2 – The first
smallpox
vaccination is made in North America, at
Trinity, Newfoundland .
June 3 – U.S. President
John Adams moves to
Washington . Because the
President's Mansion is still under construction, President Adams takes up residence at Tunnicliffe's City Hotel near the unfinished U.S. Capitol Building.
[6]
June 4 –
War of the Second Coalition :
Siege of Genoa – The French army is evacuated from Genoa. Marshal
André Masséna is allowed to march out, with all the honours of war. A portion of his force joins General
Louis-Gabriel Suchet , and the rest is conveyed in British ships to
Antibes .
[7]
June 14
June 15 –
Convention of Alessandria (Armistice of Marengo): Austria agrees to evacuate much of Italy.
June 19 –
War of the Second Coalition :
Battle of Höchstädt – General
Jean Victor Marie Moreau leads French forces to victory, opening the
Danube passageway to Vienna.
June 27 –
War of the Second Coalition :
Battle of Neuburg – General
Claude Lecourbe leads French forces to victory, securing control of the
Danube from Austria.
July–September
July 2 – The
Union with Ireland Act 1800 is passed by the
Parliament of Great Britain ; the Irish Parliament passes similar legislation in the following month, uniting the two kingdoms
[8]
[9]
[10] and abolishing the Parliament of Ireland.
July 10 –
Fort William College is established by
Lord Wellesley , British
Governor-General of India , in
Calcutta , to promote
Bengali ,
Hindi and other
vernaculars of the
Indian subcontinent .
August 1 – King George III gives royal assent to the
second Act of Union to unite the
Kingdom of Great Britain and
Kingdom of Ireland (both ruled by him) into the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , effective on January 1, 1801.
[11]
August 30 – The plot by African-American blacksmith and slave
Gabriel Prosser to seize
Richmond, Virginia , and guide a slave uprising, is thwarted by a massive downpour on the evening that it is set to begin; two other slaves have revealed Prosser's plans to authorities, who have prepared to follow him to the rendezvous point and arrest the conspirators, so that "neither the geographical extent of the plot nor the number of insurgents in the conspiracy was revealed";
[12] eventually, 25 slaves, including Prosser, will be captured, tried and hanged.
September 4 –
Siege of Malta (1798–1800) : The French garrison in
Valletta surrenders to British troops, who had been called at the invitation of the
Maltese . The islands of
Malta and
Gozo become the
Malta Protectorate .
September 30 – The
Convention of 1800 , or Treaty of Mortefontaine, is signed between France and the United States of America, ending the
Quasi-War .
[13]
October–December
December 3 :
Battle of Hohenlinden .
Births
January–June
Martha Christina Tiahahu
George Hudson
Anna Maria Hall
Mustafa Reşid Pasha
John Brown
Elizabeth Ann Whitney
January 1 –
Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere , English landowner (d.
1857 )
January 4 –
Martha Christina Tiahahu ,
Moluccan freedom fighter, national heroine of Indonesia (d.
1818 )
January 6 –
Anna Maria Hall , Irish writer (d.
1881 )
[14]
January 7 –
Millard Fillmore , 13th
President of the United States (d.
1874 )
January 11 –
Ányos Jedlik , Hungarian physicist, inventor of the
dynamo (d.
1895 )
January 12 –
George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon , English diplomat, statesman (d.
1870 )
January 14 –
Ludwig von Köchel , Austrian musicologist (d.
1877 )
January 17 –
Caleb Cushing , American statesman, diplomat (d.
1879 )
January 24 –
Edwin Chadwick , English social reformer (d.
1890 )
January 26
Johann Gerhard Oncken , German Baptist preacher (d.
1884 )
Elizabeth Ann Whitney , American
Mormon leader (d.
1882 )
January 27 –
Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington , English statesman (d.
1875 )
February 1 –
Brian Houghton Hodgson , English civil servant (d.
1894 )
February 6 –
Achille Devéria , French painter, lithographer (d.
1857 )
February 9
Hyrum Smith , American religious leader (d.
1844 )
Joseph von Führich , Austrian painter (d.
1876 )
March 2 –
Yevgeny Baratynsky , Russian poet (d.
1844 )
[15]
March 3 –
Heinrich Georg Bronn , German geologist, paleontologist (d.
1862 )
March 4 –
William Price , Welsh physician, eccentric (d.
1893 )
March 10
March 13 –
Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Turkish statesman, diplomat (d.
1858 )
March 16 –
Emperor Ninkō of Japan (d.
1846 )
March 17 –
Rudolf Ewald Stier , German Protestant churchman, mystic (d.
1862 )
March 20
March 25 –
Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen , German geologist, mineralogist (d.
1889 )
March 28 –
Johann Georg Wagler , German herpetologist (d.
1832 )
April 2 –
Andrzej Artur Zamoyski , Polish nobleman (d.
1874 )
April 4 –
Tokugawa Nariaki , Japanese daimyō of Mito (d.
1860 )
April 10 –
Henri-Gustave Delvigne , French soldier, weapon inventor (d.
1876 )
April 15 –
James Clark Ross , British naval officer, explorer (d.
1862 )
April 16
May 1 –
James Black , American bladesmith, creator of the original Bowie knife (d.
1870 )
May 4 –
John McLeod Campbell , Scottish churchman (d.
1872 )
May 5 –
Louis Christophe François Hachette , French publisher (d.
1864 )
[16]
May 6 –
Roman Sanguszko , Polish noble (d.
1881 )
May 9 –
John Brown , American abolitionist (d.
1859 )
May 30 –
Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach , German geometer (d.
1834 )
June 1 –
Charles Fremantle , British Royal Navy officer (d.
1869 )
June 2 –
Nicholas P. Trist , secretary to President
Andrew Jackson of the U.S. (d.
1874 )
June 3 –
Gustaw Potworowski , Polish activist (d.
1860 )
June 12 –
Samuel Wright Mardis , American politician (d.
1836 )
June 17 –
William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse , Irish astronomer (d.
1867 )
June 23 –
Karol Marcinkowski , Polish physician, social activist (d.
1846 )
June 30 –
Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury , Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (d.
1873 )
July–December
Friedrich Wöhler
Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
Charles Goodyear
July 15 –
Sidney Breese , American senator from Illinois, father of the
Illinois Central Railroad (d.
1878 )
July 19 –
Juan José Flores , 2-time President of Ecuador (d.
1864 )
July 21 –
Constance Trotti , Belgian salonniére, culture patron (d.
1871 )
July 24 –
Henry Shaw , American botanist (d.
1889 )
July 29 –
George Bradshaw , English timetable publisher (d.
1853 )
July 31 –
Friedrich Wöhler , German chemist (d.
1882 )
August 12 –
Jean-Jacques Ampère , French philologist, writer and historian (d.
1864 )
August 20 –
Bernhard Heine , German physician, bone specialist and inventor (d.
1846 )
August 22
September 1 –
Giuseppe Gabriel Balsamo-Crivelli , Italian naturalist (d.
1874 )
September 22 –
George Bentham , English botanist (d.
1884 )
October 14 –
John Hogan , Irish sculptor (d.
1858 )
October 19 –
Salome Sellers , American centenarian, last surviving person from the 18th century (d.
1909 )
October 23 –
Henri Milne-Edwards , French zoologist (d.
1885 )
October 26 –
Helmuth von Moltke the Elder , German field marshal (d.
1891 )
November 21 –
Barney Aaron , English
bare-knuckle boxer (d.
1850 )
December 3 –
France Prešeren , Slovenian romantic poet (d.
1849 )
December 25 –
John Phillips , English geologist (d.
1874 )
December 29 –
Charles Goodyear , American inventor of the vulcanization process (d.
1860 )
Deaths
January–June
William Blount
Alexander Suvorov
January 1 –
Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton , French naturalist (b.
1716 )
January 3 –
Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein , Prime Minister of Prussia (b.
1714 )
January 6
William Jones , English divine (b.
1726 )
Friedrich Adolf Riedesel , German soldier (b.
1738 )
January 9 –
Jean Étienne Championnet , French general (b.
1762 )
January 11 –
Kyra Frosini , Greek heroine (b.
1773 )
January 16 –
Johann Christian Wiegleb , German chemist (b.
1732 )
January 20 –
Thomas Mifflin , first
Governor of Pennsylvania (b.
1744 )
January 23 –
Edward Rutledge , U.S. statesman (b.
1749 )
February 4 –
Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg , German sovereign (b.
1715 )
February 7 –
Anna Jabłonowska , Polish magnate and politician (b.
1728 )
February 27 –
Adélaïde of France , French princess (b.1732)
March 1 –
John Hazelwood , English-born officer in the U.S. Continental Navy (b.
1726 )
March 13 –
Nana Fadnavis , Maratha statesman (b.
1742 )
March 14 –
Daines Barrington , English naturalist (b.
1727 )
March 19 –
Joseph de Guignes , French orientalist (b.
1721 )
March 21 –
William Blount , U.S. statesman (b.
1749 )
March 29 –
Marc René, marquis de Montalembert , French military engineer and writer (b.
1714 )
[17]
April 13 –
Kazimierz Poniatowski , Polish nobleman (b.
1721 )
April 21 –
Johan August Meijerfeldt the Younger , Swedish field marshal (b.
1725 )
April 22 –
George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester , British politician (b.
1722 )
April 25
Israel Acrelius , Swedish missionary and clergyman (b.
1714 )
Ezekiel Cornell , Continental Congressman from Rhode Island (b.
1732 )
William Cowper , English poet (b.
1731 )
[18]
May 7 –
Niccolò Piccinni , Italian composer (b.
1728 )
May 23 –
Henry Cort , English ironmaster (b.
1740 )
May 18 –
Alexander Suvorov , Count of Rymnik (b.
1729 )
May 29 –
Charlotte Slottsberg , Swedish ballerina (b.
1760 )
June 2 –
Ingeborg Akeleye , Norwegian noble known for her love life (b.
1741 )
June 14
Louis Charles Antoine Desaix , French military leader (killed in battle) (b.
1768 )
Jean-Baptiste Kléber , French general (assassinated) (b.
1753 )
June 18 –
Francis V de Beauharnais , French nobleman, soldier, politician, colonial governor and admiral (b.
1714 )
June 20 –
Abraham Gotthelf Kästner , German mathematician (b.
1719 )
June 24 –
Charles Stewart , American revolutionary (b.
1729 )
June 28
Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz , German noble (b.
1722 )
King
Jeongjo of Joseon , 22nd ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea (b.
1752 )
Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne , grenadier officer in the French army (b.
1743 )
June 30 –
Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney , British politician (b.
1732 )
July–December
Mary Robinson
July 14 –
Lorenzo Mascheroni , Italian mathematician (b.
1750 )
July 18 –
John Rutledge , governor of South Carolina (b.
1739 )
August 12 –
Anne-Catherine de Ligniville, Madame Helvétius , French salon holder (b.
1722 )
August 16 –
Samuel Barrington , English admiral (b.
1729 )
August 25 –
Elizabeth Montagu , English literary critic (b.
1718 )
[19]
August 31 –
John Blair , American politician (b.
1732 )
September 2 –
Maciej Radziwiłł , Polish nobleman (b.
1749 )
September 3 –
Elżbieta Branicka , Polish szlachta and politician (b.
1734 )
September 10 –
Johann David Schoepff , German naturalist, doctor (b.
1752 )
September 23 –
Dominique de La Rochefoucauld , French Catholic cardinal (b.
1712 )
September 26 –
William Billings , American choral composer (b.
1746 )
September 27 –
William Gibbons , American lawyer, revolutionary (b.
1726 )
October 4 –
Johann Hermann , German physician, naturalist (b.
1738 )
October 10 –
Gabriel Prosser , American slave revolutionary (b. approx.
1776 )
October 16 –
Benjamin Huntington , American lawyer, politician (b.
1736 )
October 28 –
Artemas Ward , American Major General in the American Revolutionary War, Congressman from Massachusetts (b.
1727 )
October 29 –
Koide Ichijūrō , kabuki composer and performer (b. date unknown)
November 5 –
Jesse Ramsden , English astronomical instrument maker (b.
1735 )
November 14 –
François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé , French general (b.
1739 )
November 25 –
Francisco Bouligny , former military governor of
Spanish Louisiana (b.
1736 )
November 30 –
Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby , English eccentric nobleman (b.
1712 )
December –
Jean-Baptiste Audebert , French artist, naturalist (b.
1759 )
December 7 –
Wilhelm von Knyphausen , Hessian Lieutenant-General (b.
1716 )
December 27 –
Hugh Blair , Scottish Presbyterian preacher, man of letters (b.
1718 )
December 30 –
Thomas Dimsdale , English physician, banker (b.
1712 )
Date unknown
References
^ Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1800". The People's Chronology . Thomson Gale.
^ Manual of Westchester County, Past and Present (Henry T. Smith, 1898) p. 16
^ Narrative and Critical History of America , ed. by Justin Winsor (Houghton Mifflin, 1888) p. 269
^ Burton, Reginald George (2010). Napoleon's Campaigns in Italy 1796–1797 & 1800 . Leonaur Limited. p. 107.
ISBN
978-0-85706-356-4 .
^ Burton, Reginald George (2010). Napoleon's Campaigns in Italy 1796–1797 & 1800 . Leonaur Limited. p. 115.
ISBN
978-0-85706-356-4 .
^
"1800: President John Adams moves into a tavern in Washington, D.C." This Day in History . history.com.
Archived from the original on April 1, 2015.
^ Burton, Reginald George (2010). Napoleon's Campaigns in Italy 1796–1797 & 1800 . Leonaur Limited. p. 121.
ISBN
978-0-85706-356-4 .
^
"Act of Union 1707" . www.parliament.uk . 2007. Archived from
the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2012 .
^
Act of Union 1707 .
^
"Act of Union Timeline" . Act of Union Virtual Library .
Archived from the original on December 12, 2004. Retrieved April 24, 2013 .
^ Ranelagh, John O'Beirne (2012). A Short History of Ireland . Cambridge University Press. p. 102.
^ Nicholls, Michael L. (2012). Whispers of Rebellion: Narrating Gabriel's Conspiracy . University of Virginia Press.
^
"France - Convention of 1800: Text of the Treaty" . The Avalon Project . Yale Law School.
Archived from the original on October 1, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009 .
^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain :
Boase, George Clement (1890). "
Hall, Anna Maria ". In
Stephen, Leslie ;
Lee, Sidney (eds.).
Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^
Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911).
"Baratynski, Jewgenij Abramovich" .
Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^
Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911).
"Hachette, Louis Christophe François" .
Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 793.
^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
"Montalembert. I. Marc René de, marquis" .
The American Cyclopædia .
^ Thomas Taylor (1841).
The Life of William Cowper, Esq . Key & Biddle. p. 259.
^ Schnorrenberg, Barbara Brandon. "Montagu, Elizabeth".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/19014 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)